1998 - Present: Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, University  of Akron , Ohio, USA.

1993 - 1998: Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Akron , Ohio, USA.

1989 - 1993: Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Akron , Ohio, USA.

1986-1989: Assistant Professor, North Carolina State University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina.

1991-2001: NASA Lewis Research Center, Summer Faculty Fellowship, Cleveland, OH, USA.

1984-1986: Research Assistant, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

1983-1985: Teaching Assistant, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

1977-1978: Teaching Assistant at the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Khartoum.

1976-1977: Electrical Engineer at the Electricity and Water Corporation of Sudan.

1975: Summer Intern, Koldair Company, Cairo, Egypt.